Type-writing machine



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Patented Mar. 1'7, 1896.y

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J. D. DAUGHERTY. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(No Model.)

(No M ;odel.)

A I A I A. Shee.ts-S'het 3. -J.D. DAUGI-IERTY. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Mar. 17, 1896.

WITNEEEESI I I Y |v|\|\/E IUFY l AHDREW B GRAHAM. PNOTU'LITHD. WASHINGTON. DI;

(No Model.) 4 sheets-'sheen' J. D. DAUGHERTY.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. N. 556,460. Patented Mar. 1'7, 1896.

I f W@ I Y Y n WITH EEEEE- UNITED STATES t PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES DENNY DAUGHERTY, OF KITTANNING, ASSIGNOR TO THE DAUGH- ERTY TYPEIVRITING COMPANY, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 556,460, dated March 17', 1896. Application filed October 27, 1893. Renewed February 14,1896. Serial No. 579,322. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern: Y

Be it known that I, JAMES DENNY DAUGH- ERTY, of Kittanning, in the county of Armstrong and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Vriting Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and eX- act description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art towhich it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in type-writing machines; and it consists in the construction, combination and arrangement of parts which will be fully described hereinafter, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

This invention has relation to that class of type-writers which is shown and described in my Letters Patent numbered 457, 258, granted August 4, 1891; 470,990, granted March l5, 1892; 478,925, granted July l2, 1892, and 481,47 7, granted August 23, 1802, which embody type-bars resting in a horizontal or inclined position between the platen and the keyboard, and the primary objects of the present invention are to shorten and lighten the machine by bringing the keyboard adjacent to the outer ends of the type-bars and as near to the carriage as possible, thereby securing greater lconvenience and less arm movement in returning the carriage, and to hang the type-bars in the shortest practical segment, thereby reducing the angle of their divergence from a vertical line in the center, and thus hang them in such operative position that looseness in their pivots from wear or otherwise will have little or no effect upon the alignment, and thus increase the durability of the machine for perfect work.

Another object of my present invention is to provide a long bearing Jfor the type-bars in a series of supporting plates or hangers by having the long pivotal point of the bars passing freely through one, two or more of the plates adjacent the sides of the bars and having their ends pivotally supported in distant plates in contradistinction to pivoting them in the adjacent plates, which makes a very iirm and rigid pivotal support for the said type-bars, as will be readily understood.

A further object of my present invention is to place the pivotal points of the type-bars Aone above and outside of the other on a line at an inclination of forty-five degrees to a vertical line drawn from the printing-point of the platen, and to make each type-bar as much shorter than the one adjacent to and below it as it is above a horizontal line drawn through 6o the pivotal point of the bar below, whereby while they print at a common point the outer end of all of the type-bars are in a linevand at the same time the bars vary in length.

Another object of myinvention is to connect the finger-keys directly to levers, which' are in turn connected with the short ends of the type-bars, the relation of the connected ends of the type-bars and levers being such that when the short ends of the type-bars rise 7o in the act of carrying their longer ends to the printing-point the adjacent ends of the said levers also rise, whereby the relative relation `of the short ends of the type-bars and the connected ends of said levers remain substantially the same, thus not effecting the lever- `age between the said levers and type-bars throughout the entire stroke of the former in contradistinction to having the connected ends of the levers change their relative posi- 8o tion to the short ends of the type-bars, thus shortening the leverage upon the type-bar as its longer end approaches the printing-point, which is a great advantage in that the same leverage is maintained throughout the entire stroke of the bars, as will be readily understood, thus enabling a stronger blow to be given the type-bar with the same amount of touch.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is 9o a cen tral longitudinal sectional view of a typewriter embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the base of the machine, the universal frame, and the arched centrallypivoted frame carrying the feed-dogs.: Fig. 3 is a detached view of a portion of one of the connections, showing a modified form thereof. Fig. 4 is a plan view of several plates or hangers for the type-bars, the pivotal points of the type-bars being shown in solid lines and the ico type-bars in dotted lines. Fig. 5 is a crosssectional view of a curved plate in which the ends of the supporting plates orhangers for the type-bars are held, the plates being shown att-ached thereto and the inner ends of the type-bars supported by and between the said plates. Fig. 6 is an enlarged detached view of one of the cross-bars which connect the two side bars of the universal frame. Fig. 7 is a detached perspective view of the curved piece which supports the typc-bar-supportin g plates or hangers, two of the said plates or hangers being shown attached thereto. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view showin g the operation and relative position of the key-levers, thc typebars, and the connections when at rest and when the type-bars are raised to the printingpoint. Fig. 9 is a detached side view of one of the type-bar-supporting plates or hangers. Fig. l0 is a detached perspective view of the lower end of the paper-carriage and the bar upon which the same is supported, the portion of the carriage beingbroken away to show one of the guiding-lugs. Fig. 1l is a plan view of several of the parallel bars which form the support for the levers which are placed between the key-levers and the type-bars, and the said levers being shown supported in the said parallel bars. Fig. 12 is a modified form of support or pivotal rod for the said levers which are between the type-bars and the keylevers.

Referring now to the drawings, A indicates the base of the frame,which is preferably rectangular in form, as shown in Fig. 2, from opposite sides of the inner ends of which extend the vertical frames B, which form a support for the paper-carriage, its appurtenances, the ribbon-shift, the ribbon-spools, and t-he ribbon-feeding mechanisms.

I make no claim to the ribbon-feed mechanism in this application, and I have not therefore shown the same, nor will it be'described, for the same is fully shown and described in the patents herein referred to.

I will first describe my shifting-frame in which the type-bars are pivoted, which consists of the parallel side bars a, having their inner ends pivotally supported by the hood N, which extends over a portion of the operating mechanism and through which the finger-keys O pass in an inclined position, as clearly shown in Fig. l. The opposite ends of these side bars a are connected by the curved end piece C, which is the segment of a vertical circle, and this curved end piece C is provided with cross-slits E in its upper and lower edges,which receive the projecting arms F of the type-supporting plates or hangers G, as clearly illustrated in Fig. '7. Opposite ends of the curved end piece C are provided with the grooves WV, which receive the ends of the side bars a of this shifting-frame, which latter are held in the grooves by suitable screws. The upper arms F of the type-bar-supporting plates or hangers extend slightly beyond the outer face of the curved plate C and have transverse perforations through which the curved rod I passes, and the opposite ends of these plates are similarly perforated, through which latter perforations the curved rod H passes, and between these ends of the said plates washers or collars .I are placed, which separate and hold them firmly in their proper position. It will be seen from this method of supporting the said type plates or hangers that they are rigidly and firmly held in their proper position, so that the type-bars are co1'- respondingly held, as will appear farther on.

Referring now to Fig. 5, the dotted line X represents a line drawn vertically from the printing-point of the platen, which dotted line passes preferably through the pivotal point of the second series of bars from the bottom of the supporting plate or hangers G, though this may vary at will without affecting the operation of my invention. Owing to the fact that the printing-point is slightly in front or inside ofY the pivotal point of the lower series of the type-bars it will be understood that these type-bars, when at the printing-point, slightly incline inward; but the upper ends of the bars will be so shaped or bent as to present the Hat side of the type in proper position to print correctly. So also the typeloars above this point will incline outward, and the upper ends of these bars are correspondingly bent, so as to present the flat surface of the type carried thereby, for the purpose of presenting the face of the type squarely to the printing-point.

Attention is especially directed to the fact that the pivotal points of the type-bars, as clearly shown in Fig. 5, are placed on a line at an inclination of forty-tive degrees to the dotted line X, drawn from the printing-point, and that each type-bar is made as much shorter than the type-bar adjacent to or below it as it is above a horizontal line drawn through the pivotal point of the type-bar below for the purpose of having the outer ends of the type-bars in a line when at rest, while at the same time the type carried by the outer end of the type-bars will be presented to a common printing-point on the platen. If this were not true, the outer ends of the type-bars would be irregular if their printing-points were on a horizontal line and made of varying lengths to reach the printing-point, thus making a very awkward-looking machine.

It is especially desirable to have wide pivotal points for the type-bars, whereby lateral movement of the outer end of the type-baris prevented and the type-bar held steady and firm and at the same time keep the bars as closely together as possible. This I accomplish by providing the pivotal points o', Fig. 4, which extend through the large openings L, Fig. 9, of the two plates adjacent to the type-bar carried by the said pivotal points, and has its reduced end pivoted in the distant plates, as is clearly shown. The enlarged portion of the pivotal points pass freely through the openings L by being smaller in diameter than the internal diameter of the openings4 L, so that no friction or bearing whatever is caused at this point; but the typebars are wholly supported bythe reduced pivotal ends of the pivotal points of shafts o'.

By reference to Fig. 5 it will be seen that IOO IIO

the pivotal points of the type-bars are arranged in steps, so to speak, one above the other, and by referring to Fig. 4 it will be seen that the pivotal points of the type-bars are also arranged in horizontal steps and in series or rows, as there clearly illustrated. By this arrangement I am enabled to lengthen the pivotal points of the bars and have them extend freely through enlarged openings of the adjacent plates and be supported in distant plates, as before stated, and for the purpose of having the type-bars when at rest supported in a curved line corresponding with the curve of the end piece Cof the shiftingframe,instead of one aboveor below the other, the longer type-bars have their inner ends curved downward to correspond with the increased length thereof, which, as will be seen, brings the long portions of the type-bars in a line one with the other.

One of the essential features ofthis machine, as stated in the object, is the shortening of the entire mechanism to bring it in a compact and concise form, and this is effected by the intermediate mechanism between the short end of the type-bars and the iingerkeys. The finger-keys O consist of rods with the finger-pieces on the outer ends, as usual, and these rods O pass through openings in the hood N and are supported thereby. The lower ends of these rods O are pivotally or otherwise loosely connected to the outer ends of levers P, which are preferably of the bellcrank form, as clearly shown in Fig. l. The opposite and upper ends of these bell-crank levers P are connected with the type-bars through the intervention of connections T and V, which latter are pivotally connected to the short ends of the type-bars. Owing to this construction the upper ends of the bell-crank levers V extend forward of their pivotal points, as they are formed on an obtuse angle, the object of which is that when the iinger-keys are depressed the upper and inwardly-extending ends of the said bell-crank levers rise as the short ends of the type-bars rise, so that the relative position of the upper ends of these levers to the short ends of the type-bars is not changed materially throughout the entire stroke. This is an important feature of construction in type-writers, for it enables me to maintain the same leverage upon the type-bars throughout the entire stroke instead of having the short ends of the type-bars travel toward a line drawn between the pivotal points of the type-bars and the device to which it is connected, which, as will be readily understood, shortens the leverage upon the type-bars, as in the ordinary construction of the basket typewriters now on the market.

By maintaining the same leverage throughout the entire stroke I am enabled to obtain a stronger blow with the same amount of touch than can be obtained where the leverage of the type-bar decreases as the finger-key'is depressed, as will be readily seen. This asl before described, is effected owing to the fact that the inwardly and upwardly extending ends of the levers P travel up as the short end of the type-bars likewise travel up, so that they maintain substantially the same relative position throughout the entire stroke thereof. upper ends of these bell-crank levers extend inside of their pivotal points, whereby they rise when their opposite ends are depressed, and to the fact that the short ends of the type-bars are in a vertical line, or substantially a vertical line, below their pivotal point, whereby when their outer free ends are raised their lower short ends likewise rise. However, I do not limit my invention to the fact that the short ends of the type-bars extend substantially in a vertical line from the pivotal point thereof, for the reason that they might extend slightly outside of the pivotal point, and the leverage would thereby be slightly increased as the opposite and free end of the type-bar was raised, as will be readily understood. However, I prefer the construction here shown, which produces the best results. By this intermediate mechanism between the iinger-keys and the type-bars I ain enabled to give the proper movement and to obtain the proper power for delivering the type-bars to the prin ting-point with the slightest practical depression of the keys, while at the same time the machine is very materially reduced in length by enabling me to bring the inner bank of linger-keys very near to the outer ends of the type-bars, as illustrated in Fig. l, and the other banks of type-bars as near to the adjacent one as is thought to be most practical.

A transverse shaft 3 has an arm l extending inward and engaging inward projection 2 upon the outer face of the curved end piece C, and extending from the same are two arms 5, which have their outer ends curved upward to form the operating-pieces 4 at opposite sides of the keyboard, whereby when the pieces 4 are depressed the end piece C is raised and the type-bars elevated in a corresponding manner to that fully shown, described, and claimed in my patents referred to in the beginning of this specification.

The connections G, preferably of wire, between the upper ends of the bell-crank levers P and the pieces B have U-shaped bends intermediate their ends, primarily for the purpose of effecting a spring connection between the linger-keys and the type-bars, whereby the sudden stop or metallic touch of the iinger-keys is prevented at the end of the stroke, which in a rigid connection is unpleasant and thought to be injurious. This bend likewise serves another function-namely, of enabling the bar to be shortened or lengthened in the assembling of the machine as maybe required to have the upper ends of the bell-crank levers assume their proper relative 'positions to the universal frame, which will presently be described.

In Fig. 8 I illustrate a modification of the It is also due to the fact that the IOO IIO

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spring connection, which consists of a wire piece p having the spring-bend q, which accomplishes the same purpose.

The universal frame consists of two parallel side bars Z), which are pivotally connected with the base A of the machine through the medium of the connecting links f. These side bars b are connected by parallel cross-bars c, which extend across just in rear of (preferably just engage) the outer edges of the upper ends of the bell-crank levers P. The inner ends of the parallel bars l) are connected by the connections g with thelower ends of the arched frame i, which carry the dogs K in their upper ends, which dogs engage the feed-rack Z of the carriage in the usual manner. A bar extends through the arched frame i intermediate its ends and into the frames B, whereby the said frame t is pivotally supported, so that when the universal frame is moved outward by the engagement with one of the crossbars c of the bell-crank levers P the said frame t' is oseillated for the purpose of effecting a feed of the carriage. The connections g are also provided with U-shaped bends h for the purpose of effecting a yielding connection and for the purpose of adjustment.

Referring to Fig. G, it will be seen that the bars c are provided with horizontal slots d, through which screws e pass into the bars b. The object of this construction is to permit of the adjustment of the bars l) toward or away from the bell-crank levers P in the assembling of the machine, in order that they may be in their proper relative position.

I have described the construction and operation of the bell-crank levers P, and I will now describe the manner in which they are preferably supported.

By reference to Fig. 1, S represents two cross-bars which support the parallel bars R, as shown in Figs. 1 and 1l. The bell-crank levers are provided with pivotal points Q, as shown in Fig. 11, which are supported in the parallel bars, thus providing a good irm support for the levers to prevent them from having lateral movement. However, this inanner of supporting the levers may be varied and the construction shown in Fig. 13 substituted therefor. -This modified form consists of the transverse rod 8, upon which the levers P are pivoted, and collars 9 placed between the levers for supporting them in their proper position. The depending arms 10 at opposite ends of the carriage are connected by cross-piece 12, which is supported upon wheel 14, which in turn are supported upon a bar 15 connected to the frames B. The under edge of this bar 15 is pro vided with a longitudinal groove into which pins 16 extend from the curved arms 13 that project from cross-piece 12 of the carriage and under the bar 15, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 10. By this construction an easy movement of the carriage is eifected, and which is at the same time iirmly held. The upper end of the carriage is supported by a wheel 17 upon a bar 1S.

m indicates an arm extending from the ribbon-shifting frame 20, and this arm fm is connected with the lower portion of the universal frame l) by a connection fn. Owing to this construction, when the lower portion of the frame b is drawn inward the upper end of the ribbon-shiftin g frame 2O is carried upward to bring the ribbon in front of the printing-poin t upon the platen in substantially the same manner described and shown in my patents hereinbefore referred to.

Owing to the fact that the arched frame 1'., carrying the feed-dogs 7c, is pivoted intermediate its ends instead of at its lower ends, as in the patents herein referred to, the movementof the upper end of this frame is reversed, as will be readily understood. Thus it is necessary that a spring 22, instead of normally pressing outward, should normally press inward, and to accomplish this I extend an adjusting-screw 23 through the lower end of the spring and provide it with a head 2t, so that by turning the screw outward the inward pressure of the upper end of the spring 22 is regulated at will, as will be clearly understood, for the purpose of regulating the touch of the machine.

The spring-drum and the alarm-bell are the same as those shown in my patents herein referred to and need not be described in this connection.

It will be understood that while I show the lower ends of the levers P extended outward, l do not limit myself to this construction, for it will be readily conceived that the lower ends could extend in a line with the upper ends and the finger-keys O connected therewith and the operation remain the saine. The object, however, in extending the lower ends of the bell-crank levers P substantially in a horizontal line is to prevent making the base of the machine high, as it would otherwise be if the ends of the bell-crank levers extended down. Another object of this is that by having them extend outward I gain a greater leverage, for the reason that the connectingpoint of the linger-keys with the levers is farther from the pivotal point in a horizontal line than would be the case if the lower end of the lever extended in a line with the upper end.

B y providing the horizontal bar with wheels upon which the lower ends of the carriage move I am enabled to shorten this rod, so that the carriage may extend beyond the rod in either direction when at the limit of its movement at both ends of the machine. This enables me to narrow this portion of the machine, which is desirable, while at the same time the carriage is positively held to the track and allowed a free and easy movement.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is#

1. In a type-writer, the combination of a series of outwardly-extending type-bars pivoted near their inner ends in the segment of a vcr- IOS IIO'

tical circle, a series of bell-crank levers all of which are pivoted at points below the lowest type-bar of said segment, said bell-crank levers having upwardly-extending ends connected with the short ends of the type-bars and lower outwardlyextending ends, and endwise-moving linger-keys outside of the typebars and connected directly to the outer ends of the bell-crank levers, the upper ends of all the finger-keys being above all of said bellcrank levers, substantially as described.

2. Atype-writing machine comprising a series of type-bar-supporting plates, type-bars between two of the plates, the-said type-bars having rigid laterally extending pivotal points which pass freely through enlarged openings in the adjacent plates and have their ends pivotally supported in distant plates for the purpose of affording a long pivotal bearmg.

Atype-writing machine comprising a series of type-bar-supporting plates or hangers, type-bars having their pivotal ends between two of the said plates, and provided with rigid laterally-extendin g pivotal points or arms extending freely by the adjacent plates and pivotally supported in distant plates, for the purpose of providing a wide pivotal bearing therefor.

4. A type-writing machine comprising a curved plate, a series of type-bar-supporting plates or hangers having one end supported in the said curved plate and extending beyond the same, and curved connecting-rods extending through the ends of the type-bar-supporting plates or hangers.

5. A type -writing machine comprising a platen, a series of type-bars pivoted alongside of each other and in parallel arcs of vertical circles below the platen, the type-bars in the upper arcs being as much shorter than those in the arcs below, as one arc is above the other, whereby the ends of said type-bars are in a line when at rest and strike on the platen at a common point concentric with all of said arcs.

G. A type-writing machine comprising a platen, a series of type-bars pivoted alongside of each other and in parallel vertical arcs of circles below said platen and adapted to strike the side thereof, the said arcs being one above the other and on a line at an angle of forty-iive degrees to a line drawn from said printing-point of the platen, and the bars in the upper arcs being as much shorter than those in the adjacent arc below, as one arc is above the other.

7. A type-writing machine comprising a series of type-bars, parallel series of intermediately-pivoted levers having upwardlyextending ends connected with the short ends of the type-bars, finger-keys connected to the opposite ends of the said levers, and a universal frame having a series of transverse bars extending respectively in rear of the said parallel series of levers and adapted to engage the same when the type-bars are operated, for the purpose speciiied.

8. A type-writing machine comprising a series of type-bars, a series of levers having one end connected with the type-bars, fingerkeys connected with the opposite ends of the said levers, a universal frame having a series of transverse bars extending across and adapted to engage the said levers, the said cross-bars being transversely adjustable, for the purpose specified.

9. A type-writing machine comprising a series of type-bars, a series of levers having one end connected with the type-bars, iingerkeys connected with the opposite ends of the levers, a universal frame having transverse cross-bars adapted t0 engage the levers, the ends of the cross-bars having transverse slots, and clamping-screws passing through the slots into the frame.

l0. A type-writing machine comprising a series of type-bars, a series of levers below the type-bars having one end connected therewith, finger-keys connected with the opposite end of said levers, and a horizontal endwisemoving universal frame having a series of transverse bars in rear of the said levers and adapted to be engaged thereby.

1l. A type-writing .machine comprising a universal frame consisting of parallel side bars, supporting-links connected to the bars, parallel cross-bars connecting the said side bars, type-bars, finger-keys, and connections between the type -bars and iinger keys adapted to engage the cross-bars of the universal frame.

l2. A type-writing machine comprising an endwise-moving universal frame, an intermediately-pivoted frame carrying at its upper end feed-dogs, the lower end of the said intermediately-pivoted frame being connected with the universal frame, whereby when the universal frame moves endwise the upper end of the dog-carryingl frame is reciprocated, for the purpose shown.

13. A type-writing machine comprising a series of type-bars, a series of intermediatelypivoted levers below the type-bars having one end connected therewith, finger-keys connected with the opposite ends of said levers, and an endwise-moving universal frame engaged by all of said levers.

14. In a type-writer, the combination of a series of type-hanging plates, and a series of type-bars having laterally-extending pivotal points, the adjacent pivotal points of two bars of the series supported in each plate of the series.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES DENNY DAUGHERTY.

Witnesses:

D. B. HEINER, WM. BROWN.

IOO 

